Context
Climate change-induced extreme weather events in Pakistan inflict an annual economic toll of about four billion US dollars. The 2022 flood exacerbated this crisis. It affected poor areas in particular, leaving 33 million people homeless and had severe impacts on people’s livelihoods. Public financial assistance for emergency relief falls short, burdening citizens and businesses.
Pakistan is home to around five million micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), contributing significantly to the economy. However, MSMEs, specifically in agriculture, remain vulnerable to climate change, as they are lacking financial protection against losses, risk perception, and capacities to implement adaptation measures.