Easing Cross-Border Trade for Women in West Africa

For many traders operating along the border between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau, crossing a border is essential to their livelihoods. Yet, it is often challenging. Through the African Union Border Programme (AUBP) and the ECOWAS Free Movement Unit, countries are working together to make border crossings safer, more secure and more supportive of economic growth. These efforts aim to strengthen regional integration by improving the mobility of people, goods and services, thereby fostering closer economic and social connections across borders.

Along this border, a significant number of women traders are engaged in informal cross-border trade, transporting goods between neighbouring markets through frequent trips. For many, this is more than commerce; it is a primary source of income and a means of survival for their families and communities.

Despite its vital role, informal trade continues to face major obstacles. Many traders lack identification documents, which complicates their ability to cross legally and efficiently. Repeated border checks, experiences of harassment and mistrust, as well as double taxation and informal charges, further increase the burden placed on traders. These challenges slow down trade, heighten risks and ultimately reduce profitability.

An assessment conducted in 2024 by AUBP and the ECOWAS Free Movement Unit identified the lack of identity documentation as a key barrier. Without recognised identification, traders often struggle to prove their nationality, resulting in delays and frequent disputes with border officials. 

In response, they launched a pilot initiative, supported by Germany, to address this issue. As a first step towards facilitating smoother border crossings, 206 women informal traders from both sides of the border were issued ECOWAS identity cards. This identity card will make border crossings easier and safer for the women, enabling them to sustain their livelihoods. Over time, the initiative is expected to strengthen trust between traders and border authorities.

The next phase focuses on strengthening collaboration between traders and border authorities. By working together, they will design simplified procedures that reflect the realities of daily cross-border trade and respond to the practical challenges faced at border posts. Effective border governance does more than regulate movement; it creates opportunities, supports livelihoods and enables inclusive economic growth.