From Training to Trade: Malawi Prepares for AfCFTA Implementation

Rules of origin are the backbone of fair trade. They show the “true nationality” of a product, ensuring that only goods genuinely made in a partner country enjoy benefits such as reduced tariffs under trade agreements. This is especially important under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which removes or reduces tariffs across African countries, enabling local businesses to compete more effectively on the continent.

The Malawi Revenue Authority (MRA) is responsible for verifying and certifying goods that meet AfCFTA requirements. While MRA officers have experience with regional trade agreements, AfCFTA introduces new and more complex rules. Without proper support, mistakes could result in revenue losses, trade fraud, and missed opportunities for Malawian businesses.

To address this, the GIZ Support Programme to the AfCFTA, in partnership with the World Customs Organization, organised a series of comprehensive training sessions for MRA officers. The training followed a three-level approach to ensure thorough and lasting learning.

At the beginner level, new recruits and other officers were introduced to the basic concepts of rules of origin under AfCFTA, providing a consistent foundation across the institution. This early understanding helps reduce errors when applying the rules in practice.

The intermediate level built on this knowledge, using case studies and practical exercises to prepare officers for more complex trade scenarios. This stage equips them to handle different manufacturing processes, value addition, and varying tariff schedules with confidence.

At the advanced level, a training-of-trainers programme was delivered. A select group of officers gained both detailed knowledge and teaching skills, allowing them to train colleagues across the country. This ensures the MRA can build long-term expertise internally, reducing reliance on external trainers and responding quickly to future trade developments.

Currently, eight MRA officers are certified trainers on AfCFTA rules of origin. They have begun training staff at different offices and border posts, laying the groundwork for smooth implementation. In parallel, the MRA has completed preparations for issuing certificates of origin, another key step in the process.

Looking ahead, the MRA is also preparing to train the private sector to help businesses understand the rules and take advantage of new trading opportunities. By building capacity within both government and business, Malawi is creating momentum to fully benefit from AfCFTA and ensure its enterprises are ready to compete across Africa.